First Aid Basics

Step-by-Step

1. Stop the Bleeding

   Apply firm, direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Maintain pressure for a full 10 minutes — do not keep lifting the cloth to check. Most minor to moderate bleeding stops with sustained pressure.

2. Clean the Wound

   Once bleeding is controlled, rinse with clean running water for several minutes. Remove visible debris gently. Do not probe deep wounds. Pat dry with clean cloth.

3. Bandage Properly

   Apply antibiotic ointment if available. Cover with an appropriate bandage — small cuts get adhesive strips, larger wounds need sterile gauze pads and medical tape. Change dressings daily.

4. Treat for Shock

   Pale, clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, confusion — these are shock signs. Lay the person flat, elevate legs 12 inches if no spinal injury is suspected, keep them warm and calm.

5. Immobilize Fractures

   If a broken bone is suspected, immobilize above and below the suspected fracture using a splint — a straight stick, board, or rolled magazine. Tie in place with cloth strips. Seek medical attention.

6. Know When to Call 911

   Call immediately for: chest pain, difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, severe bleeding, suspected spinal injury, or any condition you cannot manage. Do not hesitate — early intervention saves lives.